shortyardage

Short yardage is a term used in American football to describe situations in which the offense must gain only a small number of yards to convert a first down or to score. The typical distance is 1 to 3 yards, though the exact definition can vary by coach and context. These plays commonly occur on third or fourth down with little to gain, or at the goal line.

Common approaches include the quarterback sneak, inside handoffs behind a power blocking scheme, or specialized formations featuring extra linemen, a fullback, or a tight end. Some teams use direct snaps to a running back or fullback, or various misdirection plays, but the hallmark is a heavy, physical push to gain the needed yardage. The offensive line, running back, and quarterback coordination are crucial to the success of these plays.

Defensive strategy targets stopping short gains; defenses may stack the box with linebackers and safeties, employ run blitzes, or rely on disciplined gap control to prevent the needed yardage. Success often hinges on the offensive line’s execution and the ability to gain leverage at the point of attack, as well as the back’s ability to find a seam or power through contact.

Strategic considerations: Short-yardage plays carry higher risk on fourth down and in goal-line situations, so teams weigh the probability of conversion against turnover risk and field position. The quarterback sneak, when allowed by rules and personnel, is among the more reliable options, though its use depends on opponent alignment and game context. Variations include jumbo and goal-line packages, while analytics have influenced some teams to attempt more fourth-down conversions in certain situations.