sergers

Serger, also known as an overlock machine, is a specialized sewing machine designed to finish fabric edges by stitching, trimming, and enclosing the edge in one operation. Unlike a standard sewing machine that uses a bobbin-based stitch, a serger forms overlock stitches along the edge and trims away excess fabric with a built-in knife.

Most sergers use three to five threads. They employ two or three loopers and one or two needles to create an overlock stitch that wraps the edge with thread. A cutting knife trims the fabric edge as the stitch forms. Many models include a differential feed to control fabric movement, which helps prevent gathers or puckering on knits and other fabrics. Additional capabilities include rolled hems and flatlock seams.

Common configurations are four-thread and five-thread sergers. A four-thread machine typically provides a secure overlock edge for many fabrics and can join seams with a separate chain stitch in some variants. A five-thread model adds an extra thread to produce a stronger safety or double-stitched edge.

Uses and limitations: Sergers are valued for fast edge finishing, seam sealing, and lightweight sewing tasks. They are especially effective on knits and woven fabrics where a clean, stretch-friendly edge is desired. They are not designed to replace a regular sewing machine for precise topstitching, buttonholes, or complex seams, and the setup can be more complex due to threading and tensions.

Maintenance: Regular cleaning, oiling as recommended, and careful blade maintenance are required. Proper threading according to the manual is essential, and needles should be matched to fabric type. Keep safety guards in place and replace blades cautiously.