sensibiliseringsrisk

Sensibiliseringsrisk is the potential that exposure to a chemical, biological, or physical agent can induce sensitization in an individual. Sensitization is an immune-mediated process in which the body becomes reactive to a substance, so that subsequent exposures—often at low doses—trigger allergic reactions such as allergic contact dermatitis or occupational asthma. The risk depends on the hazard properties of the agent, the level and duration of exposure, the route of contact (skin or inhalation), and individual factors such as genetics and health status.

Assessment combines hazard identification, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Diagnosis of sensitization relies on clinical history and tests such as patch testing for skin sensitizers or inhalation challenges, and, when appropriate, specific immunoglobulin measurements. Regulators distinguish skin and respiratory sensitizers, informing labeling and risk management.

Common sensibilisers include metals such as nickel; fragrances and preservatives; isocyanates and epoxy resins; formaldehyde; latex; wood dust; and some pesticides. Sensibiliseringsrisk is especially relevant in workplaces with chemical handling, in consumer products including cosmetics and textiles, and in medical devices.

Prevention and control focus on substitution with less sensitizing substances, engineering controls, ventilation, safe handling practices, and personal protective equipment. Hygiene measures and exposure monitoring support protection of workers and consumers, and affected individuals may require avoidance of triggering substances.

Regulatory frameworks such as the EU CLP and REACH classify skin and respiratory sensitizers and impose labeling or exposure limits. Cosmetics regulations also restrict certain fragrance allergens. Understanding sensibiliseringsrisk helps guide safer product design, workplace practices, and public health protections.