selfdenial

Self-denial is the voluntary renunciation or suppression of one’s own desires, pleasures, or possessions. It is used as a mode of discipline, moral or religious formation, or social aspiration, and the term appears in many cultural, philosophical, and religious traditions as a way to cultivate self-control or virtue.

In religious contexts, self-denial often takes the form of fasting, abstinence, or celibacy and may serve penitential, devotional, or communal goals. Christian asceticism, Hindu tapas, Jain renunciation, and Buddhist practices of renunciation illustrate different emphases on self-denial as a pathway to spiritual aims. In secular ethics and philosophy, self-denial is valued as self-control or temperance, helping individuals pursue long-term goals despite short-term temptations. In Stoicism, restraint of impulse is central to virtuous living.

Common practices include denying oneself luxuries, extending periods of abstention, or simplifying living conditions for a set time. Motivations range from religious devotion and ethical ideals to personal aims such as improving health, achieving financial discipline, or supporting others. Potential benefits include enhanced self-control, greater focus, and the ability to delay gratification; risks involve coercive pressure, harm, or unhealthy asceticism when taken to extremes.

In psychology, self-denial falls under the study of self-control and restraint, examining how voluntary limits on desires influence behavior and outcomes. Healthy self-denial tends to be voluntary, proportionate, and aligned with overall well-being, whereas excessive denial can be detrimental or counterproductive in certain contexts.

Related concepts include asceticism, fasting, abstinence, self-control, and temperance.