scurf

Scurf is a descriptive term for a crusty, scaly layer on the surface of a material or organism. In everyday language, it most often refers to dandruff—the flaky sheddings of the scalp that can accompany itching. The word derives from Old English scurf meaning crust or scale.

In human dermatology, scurf or dandruff is common and usually results from the turnover of scalp skin and sometimes from skin conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis or dry scalp. It may be associated with the presence of Malassezia yeast. Management focuses on regular cleansing with appropriate shampoos, which may contain ingredients such as zinc pyrithione, ketoconazole, salicylic acid, or selenium sulfide; persistent or severe cases should be evaluated by a clinician.

In agriculture, scurf describes superficial crusts or patches on tubers like potatoes or on seeds and bulbs. Potato scurf, caused by soil-borne pathogens and environmental factors, forms rough, darkened areas on the surface and can affect storage and market quality. Management includes use of certified seed tubers, crop rotation, soil sanitation, proper seed treatment, and adherence to resistant varieties where available.

Language notes: The term is used across disciplines to describe superficial crusts; it is not a disease in itself but a descriptive term that can indicate underlying conditions.