schapenwol

Schapenwol, or sheep wool, is the natural fiber obtained from the fleece of domesticated sheep. It is a protein fiber primarily composed of keratin, and its crimped structure traps air to provide insulation. Wool varies in fineness and length; finer grades are used for clothing, while coarser grades are common in carpets and heavy textiles.

The production chain begins with shearing, typically on a yearly cycle. After shearing, raw wool is scoured to remove grease (lanolin) and dirt. The cleaned fiber is carded to align the fibers and then combed for longer, finer fibers. Wool can be spun into yarn using woolen methods (for a fluffy, airy yarn) or worsted methods (for a smooth, strong yarn). The yarn is then woven or knitted into fabric or other products.

Key properties include thermal insulation, moisture absorption (wool can absorb a significant portion of its weight in moisture without feeling wet), elasticity, and natural flame resistance. The scales on the wool fiber enable felting when exposed to heat, moisture, and agitation, a property exploited in crafts and some processing steps. Wool also contains lanolin, a natural oil that can act as a conditioner.

Uses and industry: Wool is used in clothing such as sweaters, suits, and knitwear, as well as home textiles and carpets. It is renewable and biodegradable, factors that contribute to its appeal in sustainable fashion when produced under responsible farming practices. Major producing countries include Australia, China, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand, with numerous sheep breeds such as Merino producing finer wool.