scarification

Scarification is the intentional alteration of the skin by controlled injury to produce distinctive scars. It is practiced for aesthetic purposes, cultural or ritual reasons, and as a form of body modification. Unlike tattooing, which deposits pigment, scarification relies on tissue scarring to create a permanent design. Techniques include superficial incisions, deeper dermal cuts, abrasion, and branding with heated metal. The resulting pattern depends on incision depth, placement, healing, and post-care.

Scar patterns may signify clan affiliation, social status, rites of passage, or personal achievements. Designs are often chosen for symbolic meaning and may be performed during specific life events or ceremonies. Contemporary practice also exists in Western body modification communities, including artistic expression or personal identity.

As with any skin injury, scarification carries risks of infection, prolonged healing, inflammation, and unwanted scarring such as hypertrophic scars or keloids. Techniques should be performed by trained practitioners under sterile conditions. Aftercare typically involves keeping the area clean, avoiding friction and sun exposure, and monitoring for signs of infection or abnormal scarring. Some jurisdictions regulate body modification services.

Note: The term scarification is also used in botany to describe methods that break seed coats to promote germination, a meaning unrelated to human skin modification.