samanber

Samanber is a traditional Korean musical instrument that belongs to the family of bowed string instruments. It is similar in construction and playing technique to the European violin but is distinct in its cultural and historical context. The name "samanber" is derived from the Korean words *saman* (사만), meaning "ten thousand," and *geum* (금), meaning "gold," symbolizing its high value and prestige in Korean music.

The samanber typically features a small, pear-shaped body made from wood, such as zelkova or maple, with a thin, taut gut or synthetic string stretched between a pegbox and a tailpiece. The instrument is held under the chin like a violin, and the player uses a bow to produce sound by drawing it across the string. Unlike the violin, which often has four strings, the samanber traditionally has three, though some modern versions may include four.

Samanber music has deep roots in Korean court and folk traditions, particularly associated with *pansori* (판소리), a form of narrative singing accompanied by percussion instruments like the *janggu* (장구). The instrument is also used in classical Korean ensembles, such as *gayageum* (가야금) and *daegeum* (대금) groups, where it provides melodic and rhythmic support. Its bright, clear tone and expressive capabilities make it versatile for both solo performances and ensemble settings.

The samanber has evolved over centuries, influenced by Chinese and Japanese musical traditions, particularly during the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910). While it shares similarities with the *gaegeum* (가게움), another Korean bowed instrument, the samanber is generally larger and played with a different technique. Today, it remains an important part of Korean cultural heritage, studied in traditional music schools and performed in festivals celebrating Korean arts. Efforts to preserve and promote the samanber help maintain its legacy as a vital component of Korea’s musical history.