zelkova

Zelkova is a genus of deciduous trees in the elm family Ulmaceae, comprising several species native to temperate regions of East Asia and parts of Europe. The best known is Zelkova serrata, the Japanese zelkova, which is widely cultivated as an ornamental tree. Other species occur in China, Korea, Japan, and the Caucasus region, with natural ranges extending from East Asia to southeastern Europe.

Description: Zelkovas are medium to large trees, often with a vase-shaped or broad crown. Leaves are simple, alternate, and serrated, typically elliptical to oblong. Flowers are small and inconspicuous, produced in spring; the fruit is a small round to oblong samara that matures in autumn.

Ecology and cultivation: They prefer well-drained soils and can tolerate urban conditions, drought once established, and a range of soil types. They are hardy in temperate climates and can reach substantial size with age.

Uses and significance: Zelkova serrata is widely planted as an ornamental street tree and in parks, valued for its form, fall color, and relative resistance to Dutch elm disease compared with true elms. The wood is hard and resilient, used for furniture, cabinetry, and veneer in some regions.

Taxonomy and relation: Zelkova is closely related to true elms (Ulmus) but is distinguished by its leaf and fruit morphology. Many species are less common in cultivation, with ongoing efforts to preserve diverse germplasm.