salbutamool

Salbutamol, also known as albuterol in the United States and as salbutamol internationally, is a short-acting beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist (SABA) used to relieve bronchospasm. It is a bronchodilator commonly employed as a rescue medication in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, and other conditions characterized by reversible airway obstruction. It may be used for acute symptom relief or before known triggers in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.

Salbutamol acts by stimulating β2 receptors on airway smooth muscle, increasing intracellular cyclic AMP and leading to relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and dilation of the airways. It is rapidly absorbed when inhaled, with onset within minutes and a duration of about four to six hours. It is also available in oral and intravenous formulations, though inhaled forms are preferred for targeting the lungs and minimizing systemic effects.

Administration: Inhalers (metered-dose or dry powder) and nebulized solutions are common. Dosing depends on age and condition, but rescue inhalers are typically used as needed for acute symptoms. In some instances, a doctor may prescribe salbutamol before exercise to prevent bronchoconstriction.

Side effects may include tremor, tachycardia, palpitations, headache, and nervousness. Hypokalemia and hyperglycemia may occur in some cases, especially at higher doses. Salbutamol can interact with beta-blockers, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and other sympathomimetics. It should be used with caution in individuals with heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, or arrhythmias, and during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

Salbutamol is available as generic medication and under brand names such as Ventolin, Proventil, and Airomir, among others. It is listed as an international nonproprietary name (INN) with albuterol as the United States Adopted Name (USAN).