Ventolin

Ventolin is a brand name for inhaled bronchodilator medications containing albuterol (salbutamol), a selective short-acting beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist (SABA). It is used for rapid relief of bronchospasm in asthma and other reversible obstructive airway diseases and for prevention of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in many patients.

Ventolin is marketed in several formulations, including an inhaled metered-dose inhaler (Ventolin HFA) and a nebulizable solution (Ventolin Nebuliser Solution). In many markets, the inhaler can be used with a spacer device to improve delivery and reduce oropharyngeal deposition. Generic albuterol is available in some regions.

Mechanism of action: albuterol binds to beta-2 receptors on airway smooth muscle, increasing intracellular cyclic AMP and causing rapid relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle. Onset of bronchodilation is typically within minutes, with peak effect in about 30–60 minutes and a duration of around 4–6 hours.

Clinical use: as a rescue therapy for acute symptoms, it does not treat underlying inflammation; it may be used prophylactically before exercise in some individuals. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, it provides short-term relief of bronchospasm but is not a disease-modifying treatment.

Safety and precautions: common side effects include tremor, tachycardia, palpitations, headache, and nervousness. Overuse can worsen symptoms and may cause paradoxical bronchospasm; rinse the mouth after inhalation to reduce throat irritation. Caution in patients with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, arrhythmias, or electrolyte disturbances; may interact with non-selective beta-blockers and other medications. Not a substitute for anti-inflammatory therapy in asthma.

History and regulation: albuterol/salbutamol was developed in the 1960s and widely marketed under Ventolin by GlaxoSmithKline. Brand names and specific formulations vary by country; generic albuterol is available in many regions.