sailrigging

Sailrigging is the system of ropes, wires and fittings used to support and control a sailing vessel's sails. It encompasses standing rigging, which braces the mast, and running rigging, which adjusts the sails and controls trim. Modern rigging uses stainless steel wire or synthetic line for strength, along with blocks, cleats and hardware.

Standing rigging includes shrouds and stays that stabilize the mast. These are attached to deck fittings, chainplates or the hull and are designed to withstand high loads. Running rigging comprises halyards to raise and lower sails, sheets to trim sails, and control lines such as the vang, outhaul, Cunningham, and topping lift. Halyards and sheets are routed through blocks to give mechanical advantage.

Common sail plans such as the Bermuda rig rely on halyards, sheets and a vang to control a triangular mainsail, while gaff rigs employ a four-sided mainsail with a gaff spar. Other elements include the forestay, backstay, babystay and staysail sheets, as well as reefing lines for reducing sail area.

Maintenance involves regular inspection for wear, chafing, corrosion, or broken strands, replacement of worn lines and hardware, and correct routing of lines to prevent snagging. Proper tensioning of standing rigging is essential.

The term reflects centuries of evolution from natural fibers to modern materials such as stainless steel, galvanized steel, and high-strength synthetic fibers like Dyneema. Rigging systems are selected to balance strength, weight, ease of use, and the vessel's intended performance.