sadist

A sadist is a person who derives pleasure, often sexual, from inflicting pain, suffering, or humiliation on others. This psychological trait is known as sadism. While the term is most commonly associated with sexual contexts, the broader definition encompasses any enjoyment derived from cruelty. Sadism can manifest in various degrees, from mild enjoyment of witnessing minor discomfort to severe, violent acts.

In psychology, sadism is considered a paraphilia when it is a persistent and intense sexual interest. It can be a component of personality disorders, such as Antisocial Personality Disorder or Narcissistic Personality Disorder, where a lack of empathy and a desire for control are prominent features. However, not all individuals who exhibit sadistic tendencies have a formal diagnosis.

The motivations behind sadism can be complex and vary among individuals. They may include a desire for power and control, a release of aggression, or a distorted sense of intimacy. Understanding sadism often involves exploring a person's developmental history, psychological makeup, and social environment. In legal contexts, sadistic behavior is often considered an aggravating factor in criminal offenses.