rättsväsende

Rättsväsende, or the justice system, is the set of institutions, actors, and norms responsible for creating, interpreting, and enforcing the laws that govern a country. Its aims include preventing and investigating crime, resolving disputes, and protecting the rights of individuals and the public.

Typical components include the police and other investigative agencies, public prosecutors who decide whether to bring cases to court, and the court system consisting of first-instance and appellate courts, as well as a supreme or constitutional court where relevant. The correctional authorities administer punishment, rehabilitation, and supervision of convicted persons. Supporting bodies such as legal aid services, ombudsmen, and court administrations help ensure access to justice and transparency.

Principles guiding the rättsväsende are the rule of law, independence of the judiciary, separation of powers, due process, proportionality, non-discrimination, transparency, and accountability. The system aims to ensure that laws are applied fairly and that rights—such as presumption of innocence, the right to defense, and equal treatment—are respected.

Procedures typically follow a sequence: investigation and arrest, charging decisions by prosecutors, trial in the appropriate court, a verdict and sentence, and possible appeals. Enforcement of judgments and post-trial measures, such as probation or parole, are also included. Civil cases, administrative decisions, and regulatory enforcement form part of the system's civil and administrative justice functions.

National variations exist. In Sweden and many democracies, the rättsväsende is structured to maintain independence of the judiciary from political influence and to align with constitutional rights and international human rights standards.