ruminação

Rumination refers to a pattern of repetitive and passive thinking about negative feelings and their causes and consequences. It is often characterized by a persistent focus on one's problems, distress, and negative emotions, without actively engaging in problem-solving or seeking solutions. This mental state can manifest as dwelling on past mistakes, worrying excessively about the future, or replaying difficult social interactions.

While occasional introspection is a normal part of human experience, rumination differs in its intensity, duration, and unproductiveness. It is often described as being "stuck" in negative thoughts, leading to feelings of helplessness and frustration. This cognitive style is associated with a higher risk of developing or exacerbating mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder.

The tendency to ruminate can be influenced by various factors, including personality traits, past experiences, and current life stressors. It can create a feedback loop where negative thoughts fuel negative emotions, which in turn generate more negative thoughts. Breaking this cycle often involves developing coping mechanisms that encourage a shift in focus, such as engaging in mindfulness practices, problem-solving strategies, or seeking social support. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a common therapeutic approach used to address rumination by helping individuals identify and challenge their negative thought patterns.