rollbackism

Rollbackism is a political doctrine that advocates reversing or overturning existing policies, institutions, or regimes in order to restore a prior political state or to undermine an adversary’s influence. The term emerged in the context of Cold War debates over how to respond to the Soviet Union, contrasting with containment by arguing for aggressive measures aimed at rolling back Soviet or communist gains. In later usage, rollbackism can describe any policy strategy that seeks to reverse major reforms at home or abroad.

In international relations, rollback involves supporting opposition movements, applying economic or political pressure, or conducting direct or proxy action intended to replace an unfriendly regime. Proponents claimed it could shorten conflicts and reduce adversary power, while critics warned it risks instability, civilian harm, legitimacy challenges, and escalation. Historical assessments note limited successful rollbacks and frequent unintended consequences, especially when external interference triggered local backlash or broader geopolitical backlash.

In domestic politics, rollbackism is used to describe attempts to repeal or reverse social, economic, or regulatory reforms, such as welfare expansions, environmental protections, or civil rights gains. Critics argue that rollback efforts can erode protections and undermine governance, while supporters contend they correct overreach or restore perceived balance. The term is often used polemically, with varying definitions across contexts.