reziliencës

Reziliencës refers to the capacity of individuals, communities, or systems to endure adversity, adapt to stress, and recover functioning after disruption. The concept is used across psychology, education, public health, disaster risk management, and organizational studies. The term derives from resilience, the ability to rebound from difficulty, and in Albanian is written reziliencë or reziliencës when used as a definite noun.

In ecology, resilience described an ecosystem's ability to absorb disturbances and reorganize while maintaining identity; introduced by C. S. Holling in 1973. In psychology, research from the 1970s onward identified protective factors that enable positive adaptation to risk, as in the Kauai Longitudinal Study and work by Garmezy, Masten, and Tellegen.

Dimensions: Reziliançës operates at multiple levels: personal traits (self-efficacy, optimism), social support and family relationships, community resources, and organizational capacity. Cultural, economic, and political contexts shape its expression.

Mechanisms: It involves positive coping, flexible problem solving, meaning-making, and learning from adversity. Protective factors such as supportive relationships, skills training, safe environments, and access to services help maintain or regain functioning after stress.

Measurement and applications: Resilience is assessed with scales such as the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Brief Resilience Scale, though measures are context-dependent. Applications include mental health interventions, education, workplaces, and disaster planning, focusing on assets, routines, networks, and adaptive capacity.

Critiques: Some scholars caution that resilience discussions can overlook structural causes of hardship or imply individuals should bear responsibility alone. Others note cultural variation and the dynamic nature of resilience, which may reflect adaptation rather than recovery.