retriever

Retriever is a term used for a group of gun dog breeds bred to fetch game for hunters. Retrievers are characterized by a soft mouth, strong swimming ability, and a high degree of trainability, traits that support retrieving game from fields or water and delivering it to the handler without damage. The modern retriever group was developed in the 19th and early 20th centuries in Britain and Newfoundland, with influence from the St. John's Water Dog and other breeds. These dogs are typically short- to medium-length-coated, dense, and waterproof, with a robust, athletic build that enables long work in varied terrain.

Notable retriever breeds include the Labrador Retriever and Golden Retriever, the two most familiar in many countries, both originating in Britain. Other recognized retrievers include the Chesapeake Bay Retriever (United States), Flat-Coated Retriever and Curly-Coated Retriever (Britain), and the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever (Canada).

Today retrievers are used for hunting, competitive field trials, search and rescue, service and assistance work, and as family companion animals. They typically thrive with regular exercise, mental stimulation, and early training; and require grooming appropriate to coat type. Health considerations common to many retrievers include hip and elbow dysplasia, certain eye disorders, and ear infections in some breeds. Lifespans generally range from about 10 to 12 years, depending on the breed and individual health.