restaurativ

Restaurativ is an adjective used in Norwegian and related languages to describe approaches that prioritize repairing harm and restoring relationships after wrongdoing or conflict. It emphasizes accountability, inclusion, and dialogue rather than punishment alone.

The term is most commonly applied in three domains: restorative justice, restorative practices in education, and restorative approaches in workplaces and social services. In each context, the aim is to address the needs of victims, involve affected communities, and support offender accountability while seeking sustainable solutions.

Core principles include recognizing harm, giving voice to those affected, repairing relationships, making amends, and preventing future harm through restorative processes. Participation is typically voluntary, though incentives or mandates may occur in some programs; skilled facilitators guide conversations to ensure safety and fairness.

Common methods include mediation, restorative circles or conferences, victim–offender dialogues, and agreements on restitution or commitments to change behavior. In education, restorative practices seek to maintain relationships after conflicts and reduce disciplinary disparities.

Origins trace to indigenous justice traditions and to reform movements in the late 20th century; the term has gained prominence in Norway, Sweden, and other European contexts as an alternative to punitive approaches in criminal justice and schools.

Evidence on effectiveness varies by setting and implementation quality. Proponents point to reduced revictimization, lower suspension rates, and improved school climate; critics note the risk of coercion, unequal power dynamics, and inconsistent outcomes if not properly resourced.

See also restorative justice, restorative practices.