conferences

A conference is a formal gathering where participants discuss a defined topic or set of topics. Conferences vary in size from small, discipline-specific meetings to large international events, and may last from one day to several days. They can be held in person, online, or in hybrid formats, and typically combine presentations, panel discussions, workshops, and structured networking opportunities.

Academic conferences primarily focus on the dissemination of research, peer feedback, and scholarly collaboration. Professional and industry conferences emphasize applied practice, product developments, and standards, while conventions or trade shows often feature exhibitions and sponsor booths. Common aims include sharing new findings, building professional networks, influencing policy or best practices, and creating opportunities for mentorship and career advancement.

Conference planning is usually organized by sponsoring organizations and program committees. A call for proposals invites submissions such as talks or posters, which are reviewed for merit. The program typically includes keynote addresses, parallel sessions, panel discussions, poster sessions, workshops, and social events, with conference proceedings, abstracts, or full papers published for attendees and often made accessible to a wider audience.

Historically, conferences emerged from scholarly societies and professional associations and evolved with mass communication and digital technology. They serve as venues for rapid dissemination, collaboration, and standard-setting, while raising issues of accessibility, inclusivity, and ethics. Outcomes may include published proceedings, new collaborations, guidelines, and policy influence, as well as ongoing communities of practice.