rampes

Rampes are inclined planes that connect different levels to facilitate movement for pedestrians, wheelchair users, and wheeled equipment. They are used in buildings, outdoor spaces, and transportation facilities, and they complement stairs, elevators, and platforms. The term is French in origin, but ramps are a universal element in architecture and civil engineering.

Ramp types include accessibility ramps for pedestrians and wheelchairs, loading ramps for goods, vehicle ramps in garages or stadiums, and specialized forms such as switchback or spiral ramps used in constrained spaces. Historically ramps have ranged from simple earthen approaches to modern reinforced concrete or metal structures.

Design considerations include slope, width, handrails, and surface materials. For accessibility ramps, common guidance favors a gradual slope, such as about one unit of rise for every twelve units of run, with landings and handrails for safety. Surfaces should be non-slip, and the width should accommodate the expected traffic, often at least 90 centimeters.

Construction and standards vary by country. Materials include concrete, steel, aluminum, and timber. Ramps must be designed to carry anticipated loads, provide edge protection, and comply with local accessibility and safety codes. Regular inspection and maintenance help prevent deterioration from weather, usage, and corrosion.