rahvuspark

Rahvuspark, or national park, is the highest level of protected area in Estonia, dedicated to preserving representative natural ecosystems and cultural landscapes while allowing controlled public use and scientific research. National parks aim to safeguard biodiversity, maintain landscape values, and provide opportunities for education and recreation.

Estonia's national parks are designated by the government under the Nature Conservation Act and managed by national and local authorities in coordination with the Environmental Board. They typically cover large areas that include diverse habitats such as forests, wetlands, coastal meadows, and seashores, often containing traditional rural land use and cultural heritage.

Most parks are part of the Natura 2000 network and serve as refuges for species and habitats of European importance. Access is regulated to minimize disturbance; activities such as camping, swimming, and boating may be allowed in certain zones, with restrictions in core areas. Visitor infrastructure includes marked trails, information centers, and guided programs.

Examples of Estonian rahvuspark include Lahemaa National Park, Matsalu National Park, Soomaa National Park, and Vilsandi National Park.

Beyond protection, parks contribute to research, monitoring, climate resilience, and environmental education. They face pressures from tourism, development, invasive species, and climate change, requiring ongoing management and cooperation among authorities, local communities, and visitors.