Matsalu

Matsalu is a coastal region in western Estonia that centers on Matsalu Bay and the Kasari River delta, together with the surrounding landscape protected as Matsalu National Park. The bay lies along the Baltic Sea coast near Haapsalu and is characterized by shallow waters, extensive mudflats, reed beds, and adjacent wetlands and forests. The Kasari River delivers freshwater into the estuary, contributing to a productive delta that supports diverse habitats.

The area is internationally important for birds. Matsalu Bay and its wetlands host large numbers of migratory waterfowl and shorebirds during spring and autumn migrations, making it one of Europe’s premier stopover sites on the Baltic Flyway. The landscape also sustains rich plant life, invertebrates, and fish in a mosaic of meadows, forests, and coastal ecosystems. Traditional land use, including seasonal grazing and low-intensity farming, helps maintain the habitats that support biodiversity.

Conservation and designations indicate Matsalu’s ecological significance. The protected zone was established to preserve the bay, delta, and surrounding countryside, and is designated as Matsalu National Park. It is also recognized as a Ramsar site (Wetlands of International Importance) and is part of Estonia’s Natura 2000 network, reflecting its importance for biodiversity and habitat protection at the European level.

Human activity in the region emphasizes nature-based tourism and education. Visitors come for birdwatching, nature trails, and interpretive centers that highlight the area’s ecological value while supporting sustainable rural livelihoods.