radiologiya

Radiology, or radiologiya, is a medical specialty that uses imaging technologies to diagnose, monitor, and sometimes treat disease. The practice relies on noninvasive visualization of the body’s structures and functions, drawing on physics and clinical medicine to guide patient care.

Diagnostic radiology encompasses X-ray radiography and fluoroscopy, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear medicine techniques such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). Interventional radiology applies image guidance to perform minimally invasive procedures, including angiography, biopsies, drain placements, and targeted therapies.

Training generally starts with medical school, followed by a radiology residency and often subspecialty fellowships. Radiologists interpret images, supervise examinations, and perform image-guided interventions. Support roles include radiologic technologists and nurses who operate equipment and ensure patient safety.

The field originated with the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Röntgen in 1895, later advancing with contrast media, CT in the 1970s, and MRI in the 1980s. Interventional radiology emerged as a distinct practice as imaging-guided, minimally invasive therapies developed.

Radiology is integral to modern medicine, enabling early detection, precise characterization, staging, and treatment planning across specialties. It now incorporates digital imaging, quantitative tools, and artificial intelligence to improve interpretation and workflow while emphasizing radiation safety.

In many languages, including Russian, radiologiya is the term for this field.