1895

1895 was a year in the late 19th century marked by political changes, scientific advances, and cultural developments across the world. Key events took place in Asia, the Caribbean, and Europe, shaping the course of subsequent history.

In the Caribbean, the Cuban War of Independence escalated with the start of the armed struggle on February 24, 1895, and the death of José Martí on May 19, 1895. These developments intensified international attention to Cuba and its quest for independence.

In East Asia, the First Sino-Japanese War concluded with the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895, leading to Japanese gains and the recognition of Korea’s independence from China. The treaty also ceded Taiwan and the Penghu Islands to Japan and imposed an indemnity on China.

In science and technology, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered X-rays in November 1895, inaugurating radiography and prompting rapid demonstration and experimentation with this new form of imaging. In cinema, the Lumière brothers presented the first public film screening in December 1895 in Paris, marking a milestone in the history of motion pictures.

In transportation, 1895 saw one of the earliest long-distance automobile races, the Paris–Bordeaux–Paris event, reflecting the rapid growth of motorized vehicles and public interest in automotive technology.

In philanthropy and prizes, Alfred Nobel’s will, establishing the Nobel Prizes, was signed in 1895, laying the groundwork for the series of annual awards recognizing achievements in science, literature, and peace.