radiocarpal

The radiocarpal joint, commonly referred to as the wrist joint, is a synovial condyloid articulation formed between the distal end of the radius and the proximal row of carpal bones—specifically the scaphoid and lunate. The distal articular surface of the radius features a concave fossa that receives the convex surfaces of these carpals, allowing a wide range of motion. The triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) lies on the ulnar side, providing additional support and facilitating articulation with the ulna, which does not directly join the carpal bones.

Functionally, the radiocarpal joint permits flexion, extension, radial deviation (abduction), and ulnar deviation (adduction) of the hand. These movements are essential for tasks requiring grip, manipulation, and fine motor control. The joint is reinforced by a capsule lined with synovial membrane, reinforced laterally by the radioscaphocapitate and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments, and medially by the radiolunate and volar radiocarpal ligaments.

Clinical relevance includes common injuries such as distal radius fractures, scaphoid fractures, and ligamentous sprains, often resulting from falls onto an outstretched hand. Degenerative conditions like osteoarthritis can affect the radiocarpal joint, leading to pain, reduced range of motion, and functional impairment. Assessment typically involves physical examination, imaging modalities such as X‑ray, CT, or MRI, and may be followed by conservative management, immobilization, or surgical intervention depending on severity.