péire

Péire is a traditional Irish musical instrument that belongs to the family of bowed string instruments. It is closely related to the modern violin but features several distinctive characteristics that set it apart. The name "péire" originates from the Irish word for "violin," though it is sometimes referred to as the *Irish violin* or *Irish fiddle*. Historically, it played a central role in Irish folk music, particularly in sessions where musicians gathered to improvise and perform.

The péire typically has a smaller body than a modern violin, with a slightly narrower waist and a more tapered neck. It is usually made from wood, such as spruce for the top and maple for the back and sides, though traditional makers sometimes used locally sourced materials. The instrument is tuned in fifths, similar to the violin, often in the key of D, though variations exist depending on regional preferences. The péire is played with a bow, and its sound is known for its bright, resonant tone, well-suited to lively dance music like jigs and reels.

The instrument has a rich history in Irish culture, dating back to the 17th and 18th centuries, when it became a staple in both rural and urban musical traditions. It was commonly used in *céilís* (traditional Irish gatherings) and was favored by traveling musicians known as *travellers* or *tinkers*. Over time, the péire evolved alongside other bowed instruments, contributing to the development of Irish folk music as a distinct genre.

While the modern violin has largely replaced the péire in professional settings, the instrument remains an important part of Irish musical heritage. Today, it is occasionally featured in traditional performances and is sometimes used in contemporary folk revivals. Luthiers and musicians continue to craft and play the péire, preserving its unique sound and cultural significance.