pyriproxyfen

Pyriproxyfen is a synthetic insect growth regulator used to control a range of insect pests by interfering with their development. It belongs to the class of juvenile hormone analogs and acts primarily on the larval stages of susceptible species, preventing successful metamorphosis and reducing the emergence of adults. In some species, exposure can also result in developmental malformations.

Applications of pyriproxyfen span agriculture and public health. In agriculture, it is used to protect crops and stored products from pests, often as part of integrated pest management programs. In public health, it is employed as a larvicide to suppress mosquito populations in containers, standing water, and other larval habitats. The product is formulated in various forms, including emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, granules, and slow-release pellets, and is applied to water bodies or crop substrates as appropriate to the label.

Efficacy and spectrum of activity vary by species and formulation, with strong activity against mosquito larvae (including Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex) and some other aquatic or soil-dwelling pests. Pyriproxyfen is not active against adult insects, and timing of applications targets the larval stage for maximum impact.

Safety and regulation considerations are informed by its mode of action and environmental fate. It generally shows low acute toxicity to mammals, but can have significant toxicity to aquatic invertebrates, and thus environmental risk assessments and label restrictions are common. Regulatory status is established in many countries, with requirements to minimize release into water bodies and to follow label directions to protect non-target aquatic organisms.