pulseoxymeters

Pulse oximeters are medical devices used to measure the oxygen saturation level (SpO2) in a person's blood. They provide a non-invasive, quick assessment of respiratory function, and are commonly used in clinical settings, home healthcare, and during surgeries or emergency situations. The device typically consists of a clip-like probe that attaches to a thin part of the patient's body, such as a fingertip, toe, or earlobe.

The core technology of pulse oximeters is based on spectrophotometry. The device emits light wavelengths—usually red and infrared—through the tissue. A sensor on the opposite side detects the amount of light absorbed by oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood. The device's internal algorithm calculates the proportion of oxygenated hemoglobin, providing an SpO2 reading, often expressed as a percentage. Simultaneously, pulse rate can also be determined by detecting the pulsatile changes in blood volume.

Pulse oximeters are generally reliable and easy to use, offering continuous monitoring in real time. They are particularly useful for patients with respiratory or cardiac conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or sleep apnea. However, readings can be affected by factors such as poor circulation, skin pigmentation, nail polish, or movement artifacts.

Advances in technology have led to portable, finger-mounted devices with digital displays, making pulse oximetry accessible outside of hospitals. Despite their convenience, pulse oximeters are adjunct tools and should not replace comprehensive clinical evaluation. They are vital in monitoring oxygen therapy and assessing patient status in various medical contexts.