earlobe

Earlobe, or lobule, is the soft, fleshy lower part of the external ear (pinna). Unlike the remaining auricle, it contains no cartilage and consists mainly of adipose tissue and connective tissue covered by skin. The lobule varies in size and shape; most individuals have a free (pendulous) earlobe that hangs below the ear, while others have an attached lobe that is directly connected to the side of the head.

Anatomy and development: The lobule is the only part of the auricle without cartilage and is composed of loose connective tissue and fat with small vessels and nerves. Ear lobes show genetic variation in attachment type (free versus attached) and in thickness and size. The functional role of the lobule is minor; it primarily serves as a site for adornment in many cultures.

Innervation and blood supply: The lobule is richly supplied by small vessels from the posterior auricular and superficial temporal arteries and drained by their corresponding veins. Sensory innervation is mainly via the great auricular nerve (C2-C3), with additional input from surrounding auricular nerves.

Clinical relevance: The earlobe is a common site for piercing, which may cause pain, bleeding, infection, allergic reaction to metals, and scar formation or keloids in susceptible individuals. Traumatic stretching or repeated loading from heavy earrings can permanently elongate or tear the lobule. Surgical repair or reconstruction can address lobar deformities or injuries.