pulmonarias

Pulmonaria, commonly known as lungworts, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. The genus comprises about 20 species native to Europe and western Asia and is widely cultivated as herbaceous perennials and ground-cover for shaded areas.

Plants are herbaceous perennials with opposite, oval to kidney-shaped leaves that are often hairy and may bear silver markings. In spring, each flowering stem carries dense clusters of tubular flowers that open pink or red and gradually shift to blue or white with age. Flowers are attractive to bees and other pollinators.

Habitat and cultivation: Lungworts prefer cool, shady locations with moist, well-drained soil. They are hardy in temperate regions and can naturalize in suitable woodland or garden settings. Propagation is by division in spring or autumn, or by seed. Many cultivars feature variegated foliage or a range of flower colors, including pink, blue, and white.

Uses and horticulture: Pulmonarias are valued for early-season color and as ground covers in shaded borders, woodland gardens, or understory plantings. They provide foliage interest even when not in flower and are often chosen for their year-round texture in low-light spaces. Etymology: The genus name Pulmonaria derives from Latin pulmonarius, reflecting historical beliefs about its use in treating lung ailments.

Pests and diseases: They can suffer from powdery mildew, rust, and slug damage in damp conditions. They are relatively low-maintenance but may decline in hot, dry summers or poor air circulation.