prénatais

Prenatal care, or prénatais, refers to the medical care provided to pregnant people from conception until delivery. Its primary aim is to monitor maternal and fetal health, identify and manage risk factors, prevent complications, and support informed decision-making as pregnancy progresses. Prenatal care includes clinical examinations, laboratory testing, imaging, counseling, and health education.

A typical prenatal care plan involves an initial intake to confirm dating and assess baseline health, followed by regular visits to monitor blood pressure, weight, fetal growth, and urine protein. Screening programs routinely performed include blood tests for anemia and infectious diseases, assessments of immune status, glucose testing for gestational diabetes, and urine tests for infection or protein. Immunizations and supplements, notably folic acid, are advised as indicated to reduce risks to the fetus.

Ultrasound imaging plays a central role, usually for dating and anatomy assessment. Routine genetic screening is offered in many countries, such as non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) after the first trimester to assess risk for common chromosomal conditions; depending on risk, diagnostic procedures such as chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis may be offered. Prenatal care also addresses chronic conditions, with tailored management of diabetes, hypertension, or thyroid disease as needed.

Lifestyle and planning components include guidance on nutrition, physical activity, avoidance of harmful substances, vaccination when appropriate, and preparation for birth and postpartum care. Access to prénatais varies by health system and sociodemographic factors, and disparities can influence outcomes. When delivered appropriately, prenatal care supports safer pregnancies, healthier births, and improved maternal well-being.