promulgados

Promulgados is the term used to describe laws, decrees, or other legal instruments that have been officially promulgated by the competent authority, making them publicly known and legally binding. The status indicates that the instrument has completed the approval process and is prepared for enforcement.

Promulgation is the act that communicates the content of the instrument to the public and completes the legislative or administrative process. It typically follows formal adoption by the legislative body and, in many systems, a sanction or veto by the executive. The promulga­ tion often accompanies publication in an official gazette or equivalent medium.

Once promulgated, the text is usually published and may specify the date on which it enters into force. In some jurisdictions, the instrument becomes enforceable upon publication; in others, a separate effective date is set. Until promulgated, a text may be nonbinding or subject to revision.

Differences across jurisdictions reflect varying constitutional arrangements. In many countries, promulgation is carried out by the head of state or an executive authority after legislative approval. The term is commonly paired with sanction in some traditions (for example, “sanción y promulgación” in Spanish-speaking systems and “sanção e promulgação” in Portuguese-speaking ones). The process and terminology can vary, but promulgation consistently denotes the formal declaration and dissemination required for a rule to become enforceable.

Etymology: promulgare is Latin for “to publish widely,” reflecting the act of making the rule known to the public.