declaration

Declaration refers to the act of declaring something, or to a formal document that records a statement, assertion, or intention. The term derives from Latin declaratio, from declarare meaning to make clear.

In legal and political contexts, a declaration is a formal statement of facts or rights, sometimes sworn under oath. Examples include a declaration of independence, declarations of assets or taxes, and declarations under penalty of perjury used in court or administrative proceedings. Customs declarations report goods and duties on import and export. A declaration can also be a legal instrument that asserts the cause or basis of a claim, or a statement of intent or policy issued by a government or organization.

In contracts and commerce, a declaration may be a statement of facts relied upon during negotiations or a formal assertion by a party about compliance with regulations. Declarations can accompany filings, applications, or disclosures required by law or regulation, and they may affect liability, eligibility, or compliance.

In computing and information technology, a declaration is a statement that introduces an identifier and its type or attributes, such as a variable or function declaration. It may reserve space or establish metadata without producing executable code, distinguishing it from a definition that provides storage or an implementation.

Public and personal usage includes declarations of intent or policy, which articulate aims, commitments, or positions. Such declarations can guide action, signal priorities, or establish a formal record of intent. See also affidavit and statement.