promjene

Promjene is a noun used in Croatian, Bosnian, and Serbian to denote changes, alterations, or transformations in state, condition, or arrangement. The singular form is promjena and the plural is promjene. The related verb promijeniti means to change something, while the imperfective form mijenjati can mean to change in general or repeatedly. The term appears in everyday speech as well as in technical discourse across disciplines.

In science and technology, promjene describe transitions between states or conditions over time or space. In mathematics and physics, change is formalized as a derivative or rate of change; in chemistry, biology, and earth sciences, it refers to alterations in properties, structures, or processes. In climate science, “klimatske promjene” refer to long-term shifts in climate patterns. In information technology, promjene may refer to updates or modifications to systems and software.

In social sciences and governance, promjene cover reforms, policy shifts, regulatory updates, or organizational adaptations. In economics and business, changes in prices, demand, supply, or revenue are described as promjene. In linguistics, historical or phonological changes within a language are also termed promjene. In medicine and public health, changes in health status, risk factors, or biomarkers are tracked as promjene.

Measurement and management of promjene often involve distinguishing between gradual versus abrupt changes and assessing their magnitude, direction, and impact. The concept is central to fields concerned with adaptation, modernization, and improvement, where deliberate planning and monitoring of promjene aim to achieve desired outcomes.