programing

Programming, often referred to as coding, is the process of designing, writing, testing, and maintaining instructions that a computer can execute to perform tasks. A program encodes algorithms and data transformations in a form that a machine can run. The standard spelling is programming; programing is a common misspelling.

Core concepts include algorithms, data structures, control flow, and the syntax and semantics of a chosen language. Programs are written in programming languages, which provide a vocabulary and rules for expressing computation. They are transformed into executable code by compilers or run directly by interpreters, and developed with tools such as integrated development environments, debuggers, and version control systems.

Programming paradigms describe different approaches to organizing code. Imperative and procedural programming specify sequences of steps to change state; object-oriented programming models data as interacting objects; functional programming emphasizes pure functions and immutability; logic and declarative paradigms express relationships and rules. Languages illustrating these paradigms include C, Java, Python, Haskell, Lisp, and JavaScript.

Software development follows a lifecycle: requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance. Practices such as code reviews, automated testing, documentation, and continuous integration help improve quality and reliability. Applications of programming span web and mobile apps, data analysis, scientific computing, embedded systems, and automation.