profylaksia

Prophylaxis, or profylaksia in some languages, refers to any action taken to prevent disease or its complications. The term derives from Greek pro- meaning before and phylaxis meaning guarding or protection. Prophylaxis can be applied at individual, clinical, and public health levels and is distinct from treatment after disease onset.

Common forms include pharmacological prophylaxis (for example, antibiotics used before certain procedures to prevent infection, or antimalarial drugs used by travelers); vaccination and immunization; mechanical or physical measures (such as compression devices to reduce blood clots or barrier methods to prevent transmission); and behavioral strategies (improved hygiene, safe sex practices). In dentistry, prophylaxis refers to preventive dental care, including professional cleaning and fluoride treatments to prevent caries and gum disease.

In clinical settings, prophylaxis aims to reduce the risk of infection, thrombosis, or progression of disease. Public health programs use prophylaxis at the population level, including vaccination campaigns and routine immunization schedules, surveillance, and infection-control policies.

Limitations and considerations include varying effectiveness, dependence on adherence, and potential risks or side effects. Overuse or inappropriate use, especially of antibiotics, can contribute to antimicrobial resistance. Prophylaxis is typically guided by risk assessment and clinical guidelines to balance benefits and harms.