preoperatorie

Preoperative (preoperatorie) refers to the period before a surgical procedure during which a patient is evaluated, prepared, and optimized to reduce perioperative risk and improve outcomes. The process is typically multidisciplinary and tailored to the procedure, the patient’s health, and local protocols.

Assessment and risk stratification: A preoperative evaluation collects medical history, previous anesthesia experiences, current medications, allergies, and factors that may affect anesthesia or surgery. A physical examination focuses on systems relevant to anesthesia. Risk is often classified using models such as the ASA physical status, which helps guide testing, optimization, and perioperative planning.

Testing and clearance: Investigations are individualized based on risk and procedure. Common components include laboratory tests, imaging, and cardiopulmonary assessment for patients with comorbidities. An anesthesiologist may provide clearance, especially for higher-risk cases, to determine any additional preparation needed.

Optimization: Chronic conditions are managed before surgery when possible (for example, glycemic control, blood pressure management). Modifiable risk factors may be addressed, such as smoking cessation, nutrition, and anemia treatment. Medication plans are developed for perioperative management, including decisions about anticoagulants and other agents.

Informed consent and education: Patients receive information about the planned procedure, anesthesia, potential risks, and the expected recovery. They are given instructions on fasting, medication adjustments, and perioperative logistics to support safety and recovery.

Logistics and planning: Preoperative instructions cover scheduling, preadmission testing, and arrival times to minimize delays and ensure a smooth transition to anesthesia and surgery. The overarching goal is to reduce complications and facilitate safe, effective care.