prank

A prank is a mischievous trick or deception carried out to amuse or surprise someone, often by creating a harmless or surprising situation that is later revealed as a joke. Pranks typically involve misdirection, role-play, or staged scenarios, and they usually end with the target realizing it was playful rather than harmful. The humor is generally derived from the contrast between expectation and outcome.

Etymology and history are uncertain, but the modern use of the term in English dates from the early modern period. Pranks have appeared in many cultures as part of social humor and seasonal festivities. In Western contexts, April Fools’ Day is a well-known occasion associated with lighthearted pranks, though historical origins of the practice are debated and likely varied by region.

Types of pranks can be broadly categorized as practical jokes, social pranks, and staged or hidden-camera pranks. Practical jokes manipulate the environment or someone’s routine (for example, a harmless setup that surprises the participant). Social pranks rely on social dynamics and role reversals, sometimes testing norms or reactions. Staged or hidden-camera pranks involve recording a scenario designed to capture genuine responses, often for entertainment purposes.

Ethics and safety play a central role in pranks. Harmless pranks that respect boundaries and consent are more widely accepted, whereas pranks that cause physical danger, emotional distress, property damage, or exploitation of vulnerabilities are generally inappropriate and may have legal or reputational consequences. Responsible pranking emphasizes consent, safety, and the wellbeing of participants and bystanders.