prééclampsie

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ system, most often the liver and kidneys. It typically begins after 20 weeks of pregnancy in women who previously had normal blood pressure. If left untreated, preeclampsia can lead to serious, even fatal, complications for both mother and baby.

The exact cause of preeclampsia is unknown, but it is thought to involve problems with the placenta. Risk factors include a first pregnancy, a history of preeclampsia, obesity, carrying multiples, diabetes, and certain autoimmune conditions. Symptoms can be subtle and may include a sudden increase in blood pressure, protein in the urine, severe headaches, changes in vision, upper abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting, and shortness of breath.

Diagnosis is made through regular prenatal check-ups that monitor blood pressure and urine protein levels. If preeclampsia is suspected, further tests may be ordered to assess liver and kidney function. The only cure for preeclampsia is delivery of the baby. Depending on the severity of the condition and the stage of pregnancy, management may involve close monitoring, medications to control blood pressure, and sometimes early delivery. Early detection and management are crucial to prevent complications such as eclampsia (seizures), HELLP syndrome, placental abruption, and fetal growth restriction.