powdering

Powdering is the act of turning a solid material into fine particles or applying a fine layer of powder to a surface. It covers a range of activities from industrial production of powders to cosmetic and culinary applications, and it can also refer to using dry powders as coatings or finishes.

Industrial powdering involves creating and processing powders for use in manufacturing and science. Substances are ground or milled into small particles, then classified, dried, blended, and tested to achieve a target particle size distribution and flow properties. Common methods include ball milling, jet milling, and cryomilling. Powders produced in this way are used in powder metallurgy, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, electronics, and coatings. In finishing and coatings, dry powders are applied electrostatically and cured to form solid films.

Cosmetic powdering refers to applying cosmetic powders to the skin. Setting powders, loose powders, and pressed powders help absorb oil, reduce shine, and create a smooth texture or matte finish. Ingredients vary and can include talc, mica, silica, starches, and pigments. Application tools include brushes, puffs, and sponges. Safety considerations focus on skin compatibility and contaminants, with attention to evolving formulations and regulatory guidance around certain minerals.

Culinary powdering describes dusting surfaces or foods with flour, sugar, cocoa, or spices. Dusting can prevent sticking, add a decorative finish, or influence texture and moisture retention. Powdered sugar, for example, is used to finish pastries and beverages.

Across contexts, handling powders requires controls to manage dust generation, inhalation risk, and potential hazards such as electrostatic ignition or contamination.