Powdered

Powdered refers to a material that has been ground, crushed, or otherwise reduced to a fine, dry particulate form known as a powder. Powdered materials are characterized by small particle sizes, large surface area, and a tendency to form dust. Particle size distributions vary by application, but powders commonly range from a few micrometers to several hundred micrometers. The term contrasts with solid that remains in larger granules or crystalline form and with suspensions or pastes.

In food production, powders are widely used for flavoring, texture, and storage stability. Examples include powdered sugar (confectioners' sugar), powdered milk, and cocoa or spice powders. Some powders include anti-caking agents to improve flow and prevent clumping. Rehydration or dissolution kinetics are important performance traits.

In cosmetics and personal care, powders such as face powders and talc-based products provide texture and absorbency. In pharmaceuticals, powders are used for reconstitution, inhalation, or as dry formulations. Pigments, catalysts, and metal powders appear in chemical and industrial contexts.

Production and handling involve milling or grinding to reach target particle sizes, followed by sieving, drying, and sometimes agglomeration or surface treatment to improve flow and stability. Moisture control, particle-size distribution, and packaging integrity are important for shelf life and safety. Powder properties such as flowability, cohesiveness, and hygroscopicity influence processing and end-use performance.

Safety and regulatory considerations vary by material. Many powders pose inhalation hazards and, for combustible powders, explosion risk; appropriate containment, ventilation, and personal protective equipment are used. Food-grade or pharmaceutical-grade powders are subject to specific standards for purity, labeling, and storage.