povidoniodin

Povidone-iodine is a broad-spectrum topical antiseptic formulated as a complex of iodine with povidone, a water-soluble polymer (polyvinylpyrrolidone). When applied, iodine is released gradually to exert antimicrobial activity. The preparation is widely used in medical settings for skin disinfection and wound care and is sold under various brand names, including Betadine.

The antiseptic action of povidone-iodine involves oxidation and disruption of microbial proteins and nucleic acids, leading to rapid killing of a wide range of organisms. It has activity against bacteria (including many common pathogens), fungi, viruses, and some spores with sufficient contact time. The slow release from the povidone complex helps maintain local iodine activity while reducing tissue irritation in many uses.

Povidone-iodine is available in several forms, such as liquid solutions, ointments, scrubs, and ointment drops, with common concentrations around 5% to 10% povidone-iodine. It is commonly used for preoperative skin preparation, cleaning and decontaminating wounds, and as an antiseptic mouthwash or throat rinse in some settings. It is also used for ophthalmic and certain gynecologic procedures in specific formulations.

Contraindications include known iodine allergy or sensitivity and, in some cases, thyroid disorders, pregnancy, or renal impairment where iodine exposure may be a concern. Local irritation, dermatitis, staining, and transient thyroid function changes can occur. Caution is advised when combining with other antiseptics, and it should be used strictly according to product labeling and clinical guidance.