postinfektiøse

Postinfektiøse, also known as postinfectious, describes medical conditions that arise after an infectious disease has resolved or during the recovery phase. The term covers a range of syndromes believed to be triggered by prior infection rather than by ongoing infection itself. It is used across disciplines to describe sequelae that can affect various organ systems.

Common examples include postinfectious fatigue syndromes, postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome, and reactive arthritis that follows gastrointestinal or genitourinary infections. Other postinfectious sequelae can involve the nervous, respiratory, or cardiovascular systems. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood and likely involve immune system dysregulation, autoimmunity triggered by infection (molecular mimicry), persistent inflammation, tissue damage from the initial illness, and interactions with physical or psychological factors.

Clinical features depend on the affected system but often include persistent fatigue, reduced exercise tolerance, musculoskeletal pain, cognitive difficulties, and gastrointestinal or respiratory symptoms after the initial infection has subsided. Diagnosis relies on a history of a preceding infection and a symptom pattern compatible with a postinfectious syndrome, with investigations aimed at ruling out active infection and alternative explanations.

Management is typically symptom-driven and multidisciplinarily oriented. Strategies may include pacing and graded activity, sleep optimization, physical rehabilitation, and treatment of specific symptoms such as pain or mood disturbances. The prognosis is variable; many individuals improve within weeks to months, while others experience longer-lasting symptoms. Prevention focuses on preventing infections and prompt, appropriate treatment of acute illnesses.