polycythemiarather

Polycythemia vera is a rare, chronic blood cancer. It is a myeloproliferative neoplasm, meaning that the bone marrow produces too many red blood cells. This overproduction can also lead to an excess of white blood cells and platelets. The increased number of red blood cells makes the blood thicker, increasing the risk of blood clots. These clots can cause serious health problems such as heart attacks, strokes, and deep vein thrombosis.

The exact cause of polycythemia vera is unknown, but it is associated with a mutation in the JAK2 gene in most cases. This mutation leads to uncontrolled growth of blood-forming cells in the bone marrow. Symptoms can develop gradually and may include headaches, dizziness, itching (especially after a warm bath), redness of the skin, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Some individuals may have no symptoms and are diagnosed incidentally through routine blood tests.

Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure red blood cell count, white blood cell count, platelet count, and the level of a hormone called erythropoietin. Genetic testing for the JAK2 mutation is also commonly performed. Treatment aims to reduce the number of red blood cells, thereby lowering the risk of blood clots. Phlebotomy, which is the removal of blood, is a primary treatment. Medications such as hydroxyurea or interferon may also be used to control blood cell production. Aspirin is often prescribed to help prevent blood clots. Regular monitoring and management by a hematologist are essential for individuals with polycythemia vera.