poliepectomie

Poliepectomie, more commonly referred to in English as polypectomy and in French as polypectomie, is the medical procedure used to remove polyps from mucous membranes. It is most frequently performed during endoscopic procedures to remove colorectal polyps, with the aim of preventing colorectal cancer, and also used in ENT practice to remove nasal polyps to relieve obstruction and improve breathing. The procedure is typically guided by endoscopic visualization and carried out by gastroenterologists or ENT surgeons.

Indications for polypectomy include polyps detected during screening or diagnostic procedures, premalignant or malignant histology such as adenomas, symptoms such as bleeding or obstruction, and areas where tissue for histopathology is needed. Removal provides diagnostic information and, in many cases, reduces the risk of progression to cancer or recurrence of symptoms.

Techniques vary by location and polyp characteristics. Endoscopic approaches commonly use a snare to encircle and remove the polyp, with or without electrocautery (hot snare) or without heat (cold snare). For larger or sessile lesions, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or, less frequently, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) may be used to achieve complete, en bloc removal. In nasal and sinus disease, endoscopic polypectomy is performed under nasal endoscopy, often under anesthesia, and may be combined with medical therapy to reduce recurrence.

Risks include bleeding, perforation or injury to adjacent structures, infection, and anesthesia-related complications. Delayed bleeding can occur after colonoscopic polypectomy. Most complications are uncommon and manageable with standard medical care.

Follow-up depends on polyp type and completeness of removal. Colorectal polyps typically require surveillance colonoscopy at intervals determined by size, number, and histology; nasal polyps often necessitate ongoing medical therapy and possible repeat endoscopic treatment due to higher recurrence rates.