plastifier

A plastifier, also known as a plasticizer, is an additive that increases the plasticity or fluidity of a material, typically a polymer. It is incorporated into a material to make it softer, more flexible, and easier to process. Plastifiers work by embedding themselves between the polymer chains, reducing the intermolecular forces and allowing the chains to slide past each other more readily. This process lowers the glass transition temperature of the polymer, making it more pliable at room temperature.

The most common application of plastifiers is in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Without plastifiers, PVC is a rigid material. However, with the addition of plastifiers, it can be made into a wide variety of flexible products such as films, cables, flooring, and medical devices. Other polymers that can be plastified include cellulose derivatives and some synthetic rubbers.

Plastifiers can be categorized into primary and secondary types. Primary plastifiers are highly soluble in the polymer and contribute significantly to flexibility. Secondary plastifiers are less soluble and are often used in conjunction with primary plastifiers to reduce cost or enhance specific properties. The choice of plastifier depends on the desired properties of the final product, cost considerations, and regulatory requirements. While widely used, concerns have been raised regarding the potential health and environmental impacts of certain plastifiers, leading to ongoing research and the development of alternative formulations.