piezocerámia

Piezoceramics are ceramic materials that exhibit the piezoelectric effect. This effect means that when subjected to mechanical stress, they generate an electrical charge, and conversely, when an electric field is applied to them, they deform mechanically. This bidirectional relationship between mechanical and electrical properties makes them highly versatile.

The most common piezoceramics are based on lead zirconate titanate (PZT), a solid solution of lead zirconate and lead titanate. Other piezoelectric ceramics include barium titanate, lead titanate, and bismuth ferrite. These materials are typically manufactured through a process involving mixing powdered precursors, pressing them into desired shapes, and then firing them at high temperatures to achieve sintering. After firing, a crucial step called poling is performed. Poling involves applying a strong electric field to the ceramic at an elevated temperature, which aligns the electric dipoles within the material and enhances its piezoelectric properties.

The applications of piezoceramics are widespread. In electronics, they are used in sensors, transducers, actuators, and resonators. For instance, they are found in microphones, buzzers, and ultrasonic imaging devices. In automotive applications, they can be used in fuel injectors and knock sensors. Their ability to convert electrical energy into precise mechanical movement also makes them valuable in micropositioning systems and inkjet printers. Furthermore, they play a role in medical devices, such as diagnostic equipment and therapeutic ultrasound. The specific properties of a piezoceramic material can be tailored by adjusting its composition and manufacturing process to suit a particular application.