pestpesten

Pestpesten is the Dutch term for sustained bullying or harassment, referring to repeated, targeted aggressive behavior that causes distress or harm to another person or group. It is characterized by a persistent power imbalance, where the perpetrator or group exercises control through actions, words, or social exclusion over time. A hallmark of pestpesten is its frequency and duration, rather than a single incident.

Forms and mechanisms can include physical aggression, verbal abuse, social exclusion or manipulation, spreading rumors, and online harassment or cyberbullying. Cyberbullying uses digital platforms, messaging, or social media to threaten, intimidate, or humiliate. The behavior can be direct or indirect and may involve bystanders who witness or participate in the dynamics, thereby reinforcing the harm.

Contexts and impact vary but commonly occur in schools, workplaces, and online communities. Victims may experience anxiety, depression, reduced self-esteem, academic or work difficulties, sleep problems, or somatic symptoms. Bystanders who intervene or, conversely, who remain silent, influence the intensity and duration of the bullying. Long-term consequences can extend beyond the immediate setting and affect social development and well-being.

Prevention and response rely on clear policies, reporting channels, and a supportive environment. Effective measures include anti-pestpesten policies, confidential reporting systems, prompt adult or authority involvement, counseling and support for victims, and programs that promote social-emotional learning, inclusion, and digital literacy. Training for staff and empowering bystanders to intervene safely are also important. Legally and institutionally, many jurisdictions address harassment and bullying through anti-discrimination or occupational safety regulations, with schools and employers responsible for maintaining a safe environment.