perut

Perut is the Indonesian word for the stomach, a sac-like organ of the digestive system located in the upper abdomen, beneath the diaphragm. It serves as the primary chamber where food is stored and transformed through mechanical and chemical digestion before passing into the small intestine.

Anatomy and regions include the cardia (where the esophagus connects), the fundus (upper curve), the body (main central region), and the antrum leading to the pylorus, which controls release into the duodenum. The stomach has the lesser and greater curvatures and is supplied by several arteries, most notably the left gastric, right gastric, left gastroepiploic, and right gastroepiploic arteries, with additional short gastric branches. Innervation comes from the autonomic nervous system, particularly the vagus nerve (parasympathetic) and sympathetic fibers, coordinated through the celiac plexus.

Functionally, the stomach performs mechanical digestion through rhythmic contractions that mix and propel contents. It also secretes gastric juice containing acid (hydrochloric acid), enzymes such as pepsin, mucus, and the intrinsic factor essential for vitamin B12 absorption. The acidic environment aids protein digestion and serves as a barrier to pathogens. Gastric emptying into the small intestine is regulated by the pyloric sphincter and influenced by hormonal signals such as gastrin, as well as neural input.

Clinically, the stomach can be affected by gastritis, peptic ulcers, and malignancies such as gastric cancer. Risk factors include Helicobacter pylori infection, chronic NSAID use, smoking, and dietary factors. Symptoms may include upper abdominal pain, fullness, nausea, or reflux, and evaluation often involves endoscopy, imaging, and laboratory tests.

In everyday language, perut refers specifically to the stomach, distinct from related abdominal structures.